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Thursday, June 5, 2008
2001 Indian-Bangladeshi border conflict
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2001 Indian-Bangladesh border conflict
Date
April 18, 2001 - May 31, 2001
Location
India-Bangladesh Border
Result
Status quo ante bellum
Belligerents
118 BSF Bn [1]
Bangladesh Rifles
Casualties and losses
16 killed according to Bangladesh, 15 killed according to India [2][3]
2 killed according to both sides[4]
The 2001 Indian-Bangladeshi border conflict was a short conflict between border guards of India and Bangladesh over the poorly marked border during 2001. Though there had been previous incidents of border violations, this one was significantly greater in scale.
Contents[hide]
1 Cause
2 Result
3 Aftermath
4 Notes
5 External links
Cause
The border of India and Bangladesh was one of a number of disputes that arose as a result of the Partition of Bengal. The Partition of Bengal and Punjab had left a poorly demarcated international border between the two neighbours. The ownership of several villages on both sides of the border are disputed and claimed by both countries.
According to the Bangladesh government, ever since the liberation of Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) by Indian forces in 1971, Indian forces have occupied a small sliver of land along their border near the village of Pyrdiwah. On April 18, troops of the Bangladeshi Rifles (border troops) occupied the disputed village. In the fighting that followed, Bangladesh claims that 15 members of India's border forces, the Border Security Force (BSF) were killed, along with several of the attacking soldiers. However, India claims a far lower death toll[4].
Indian sources reported that this followed a weekend incident in which 20 Indian troops were taken hostage when Bangladesh seized a frontier outpost in the village of Pyrdiwah. Bangladesh also claimed the village as within its territory[5].
Indian forces eventually responded and retook the village. Between 10,000 and 20,000 villagers living in the area fled the fighting, with at least 17 suffering wounds. The combat remained limited to the border troops of the respective nations, though mortars were used in addition to automatic weapons fire. Several villages were destroyed or heavily damaged in the fighting. The quick intervention of Indian and Bangladesh governments intervened and defused the tension. Further the Indian and Bangladeshi government started the border talks in March 2002 to solve the border problem.[6].
India claims that Bangladeshi troops overran and occupied a disputed border village near the town of Dauki, and that Bangladeshi troops are holding more than 20 of its soldiers hostage[4].
Top Indian border security sources claimed that the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) personnel had retreated in Meghalaya sector, while in Assam sector, the Indian border security forces men had vacated positions seized from Bangladesh. [7].
Bangladesh insists that Indian forces launched an early morning attack on their posts in the frontier district of Kurigram - which lies on the border with Indian state of Assam, On the morning of Wednesday 18 April 2001[4].
Fresh clashes erupted along the India-Bangladesh border, just hours after both sides voiced regret for the recent killings, though by midnight of April 20 firing had again fallen silent. The article also revised upwards the number of Indian civilians who fled the region to 6,000, and stated that Indian government officials were attempting to convince villagers to return to their homes[5].
Result
India accused Bangladesh of violating a war crimes statute in the Geneva Convention[8].Armed with their taking of the village, Bangladesh Military further strengthened its fortifications along the border by calling 20,000 additional troops to its border with India, However Bangladesh maintains that these movements were 'routine'[8].
The Indian BSF agreed to take back bodies of five of its soldiers at Rowmari sector, Whilst the other 11 were still 'missing'. Bangladesh later agreed to return the dead Indian soldiers the next day.[7].The Bangladeshi side also had asked the BSF to furnish proof that the land they had occupied was part of India[7].
Indian Foreign Ministry spokesman Raminder Jassal reported that both India and Bangladesh expressed regret over the incident and promised to exercise restraint in the future[5].
The two countries realizing that they were unable to make further gains agreed to form two joint working groups to resolve all outstanding border issues.
Aftermath
Several of the Indian dead appeared to have suffered brutal, non-combat deaths, which were blamed on mob violence perpetuated by Bangladesh civilians. The governments of both nations worked quickly to defuse the tension and end the fighting [6].
The subsequent end of the short conflict saw an upsurge of Bangladeshi nationalism in Bangladesh.[6]. The Four-party right wing alliance led by Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh won a majority 196 seats out of 300.
The relations between the two neighbours saw increased difficulties, This was the first conflict between India and Bangladesh, two traditionally friendly nations since Bengali independence. [9]Officially Bangladesh blamed the fighting on "adventurism of its local commanders" and denied it had initiated hostilities[7].
Despite its claims Bangladesh ordered no court martial, or any suspension, nor any transfer of any local commanders.[10]. Both sides desisted for any further hostilities and began border talks to discuss disputes along their four-thousand-kilometre border.[11]
India later began constructing a fence along its entire length on the internationalized demarcated border with Bangladesh.[12][13] India is still in the process of constructing the Indo-Bangladeshi barrier.[14] Bangladesh has protested the construction of this fence within 150 yards of the border, as a gross violation of the 1974 treaty. [15] Bangladesh government also protested frequent BSF incursions inside Bangladesh, and shootings which has resulted in deaths of many Bangladeshi citizens inside Bangladeshi territory. [16]
Notes
^ BSF men tortured, then shot dead
^ India accepts bodies of 15 BSF men
^ Slain BSF personnel
^ a b c d BBC South Asia
^ a b c South Asia Nuclear Dialogue, nautilus.org
^ a b c India-Bangladesh Border Conflict,History Guy
^ a b c d Guns fall silent on border, Tribune India
^ a b India accuses Bangladesh of war crimes, CNN
^ India accuses Bangladesh of war crimes, CNN.com
^ Bangladesh used us as a punching bag, mea.giv.in
^ Bangladesh and India begin border talks, BBC
^ Livelihoods on line at Indian border, BBC
^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030217/edit.htm#3Problem of Bangladeshi migrants
^ India fences off Bangladesh to keep out Muslim terror. Retrieved on 2007-07-11.
^ 3 killed in Bangladesh-Indian border guards cross fire, People's Daily Online, China, April 17, 2005.
^ Staff Correspondent. "Border tension flares as BSF kills 2 more", The Daily Star, 2005-04-24. Retrieved on 2007-04-19.
External links
http://www.historyguy.com/india-bangladesh_2001.htm
http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010420/main1.htm
http://mea.gov.in/opinion/2001/04/27ht.htm
http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/04/26/india.police/index.html
http://www.organiser.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=127&page=25
http://www.nautilus.org/archives/sand/Updates2001/V2N17.html
2001 Indian-Bangladesh border conflict
Date
April 18, 2001 - May 31, 2001
Location
India-Bangladesh Border
Result
Status quo ante bellum
Belligerents
118 BSF Bn [1]
Bangladesh Rifles
Casualties and losses
16 killed according to Bangladesh, 15 killed according to India [2][3]
2 killed according to both sides[4]
The 2001 Indian-Bangladeshi border conflict was a short conflict between border guards of India and Bangladesh over the poorly marked border during 2001. Though there had been previous incidents of border violations, this one was significantly greater in scale.
Contents[hide]
1 Cause
2 Result
3 Aftermath
4 Notes
5 External links
Cause
The border of India and Bangladesh was one of a number of disputes that arose as a result of the Partition of Bengal. The Partition of Bengal and Punjab had left a poorly demarcated international border between the two neighbours. The ownership of several villages on both sides of the border are disputed and claimed by both countries.
According to the Bangladesh government, ever since the liberation of Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) by Indian forces in 1971, Indian forces have occupied a small sliver of land along their border near the village of Pyrdiwah. On April 18, troops of the Bangladeshi Rifles (border troops) occupied the disputed village. In the fighting that followed, Bangladesh claims that 15 members of India's border forces, the Border Security Force (BSF) were killed, along with several of the attacking soldiers. However, India claims a far lower death toll[4].
Indian sources reported that this followed a weekend incident in which 20 Indian troops were taken hostage when Bangladesh seized a frontier outpost in the village of Pyrdiwah. Bangladesh also claimed the village as within its territory[5].
Indian forces eventually responded and retook the village. Between 10,000 and 20,000 villagers living in the area fled the fighting, with at least 17 suffering wounds. The combat remained limited to the border troops of the respective nations, though mortars were used in addition to automatic weapons fire. Several villages were destroyed or heavily damaged in the fighting. The quick intervention of Indian and Bangladesh governments intervened and defused the tension. Further the Indian and Bangladeshi government started the border talks in March 2002 to solve the border problem.[6].
India claims that Bangladeshi troops overran and occupied a disputed border village near the town of Dauki, and that Bangladeshi troops are holding more than 20 of its soldiers hostage[4].
Top Indian border security sources claimed that the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) personnel had retreated in Meghalaya sector, while in Assam sector, the Indian border security forces men had vacated positions seized from Bangladesh. [7].
Bangladesh insists that Indian forces launched an early morning attack on their posts in the frontier district of Kurigram - which lies on the border with Indian state of Assam, On the morning of Wednesday 18 April 2001[4].
Fresh clashes erupted along the India-Bangladesh border, just hours after both sides voiced regret for the recent killings, though by midnight of April 20 firing had again fallen silent. The article also revised upwards the number of Indian civilians who fled the region to 6,000, and stated that Indian government officials were attempting to convince villagers to return to their homes[5].
Result
India accused Bangladesh of violating a war crimes statute in the Geneva Convention[8].Armed with their taking of the village, Bangladesh Military further strengthened its fortifications along the border by calling 20,000 additional troops to its border with India, However Bangladesh maintains that these movements were 'routine'[8].
The Indian BSF agreed to take back bodies of five of its soldiers at Rowmari sector, Whilst the other 11 were still 'missing'. Bangladesh later agreed to return the dead Indian soldiers the next day.[7].The Bangladeshi side also had asked the BSF to furnish proof that the land they had occupied was part of India[7].
Indian Foreign Ministry spokesman Raminder Jassal reported that both India and Bangladesh expressed regret over the incident and promised to exercise restraint in the future[5].
The two countries realizing that they were unable to make further gains agreed to form two joint working groups to resolve all outstanding border issues.
Aftermath
Several of the Indian dead appeared to have suffered brutal, non-combat deaths, which were blamed on mob violence perpetuated by Bangladesh civilians. The governments of both nations worked quickly to defuse the tension and end the fighting [6].
The subsequent end of the short conflict saw an upsurge of Bangladeshi nationalism in Bangladesh.[6]. The Four-party right wing alliance led by Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh won a majority 196 seats out of 300.
The relations between the two neighbours saw increased difficulties, This was the first conflict between India and Bangladesh, two traditionally friendly nations since Bengali independence. [9]Officially Bangladesh blamed the fighting on "adventurism of its local commanders" and denied it had initiated hostilities[7].
Despite its claims Bangladesh ordered no court martial, or any suspension, nor any transfer of any local commanders.[10]. Both sides desisted for any further hostilities and began border talks to discuss disputes along their four-thousand-kilometre border.[11]
India later began constructing a fence along its entire length on the internationalized demarcated border with Bangladesh.[12][13] India is still in the process of constructing the Indo-Bangladeshi barrier.[14] Bangladesh has protested the construction of this fence within 150 yards of the border, as a gross violation of the 1974 treaty. [15] Bangladesh government also protested frequent BSF incursions inside Bangladesh, and shootings which has resulted in deaths of many Bangladeshi citizens inside Bangladeshi territory. [16]
Notes
^ BSF men tortured, then shot dead
^ India accepts bodies of 15 BSF men
^ Slain BSF personnel
^ a b c d BBC South Asia
^ a b c South Asia Nuclear Dialogue, nautilus.org
^ a b c India-Bangladesh Border Conflict,History Guy
^ a b c d Guns fall silent on border, Tribune India
^ a b India accuses Bangladesh of war crimes, CNN
^ India accuses Bangladesh of war crimes, CNN.com
^ Bangladesh used us as a punching bag, mea.giv.in
^ Bangladesh and India begin border talks, BBC
^ Livelihoods on line at Indian border, BBC
^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030217/edit.htm#3Problem of Bangladeshi migrants
^ India fences off Bangladesh to keep out Muslim terror. Retrieved on 2007-07-11.
^ 3 killed in Bangladesh-Indian border guards cross fire, People's Daily Online, China, April 17, 2005.
^ Staff Correspondent. "Border tension flares as BSF kills 2 more", The Daily Star, 2005-04-24. Retrieved on 2007-04-19.
External links
http://www.historyguy.com/india-bangladesh_2001.htm
http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010420/main1.htm
http://mea.gov.in/opinion/2001/04/27ht.htm
http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/04/26/india.police/index.html
http://www.organiser.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=127&page=25
http://www.nautilus.org/archives/sand/Updates2001/V2N17.html
Wednesday, June 4, 2008
Department of Defence Studies, Meerut College Meerut
Attention: All students of Defence Department
Hi
Welcome all,
This is a blog where you can find every thing related to Department of Defence Studies
Wikipedia in English is a good link for study material. link to the site is given blow
http://www.wikipedia.org/
thanks with regards
from mohit panwar
Student M.A. Defence (Result awaited)
Mob: 9359664476
Hi
Welcome all,
This is a blog where you can find every thing related to Department of Defence Studies
Wikipedia in English is a good link for study material. link to the site is given blow
http://www.wikipedia.org/
thanks with regards
from mohit panwar
Student M.A. Defence (Result awaited)
Mob: 9359664476
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